Witnesses under Indian Evidence Act
Witnesses play a crucial role in various legal, social, and investigative contexts. A witness is an individual who has direct knowledge of an event, situation, or circumstance and can provide …
SUBJECT-WISE NOTES
Estoppel It’s Nature & Scope
Estoppel Estoppel is a legal doctrine that prevents a person from asserting a particular fact or claim in a legal proceeding or dispute if that person has previously made an …
Burden of Proof & Presumptions under Indian Evidence Act, 1872
The concept of “burden of proof” is fundamental in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, as it determines which party in a legal proceeding is responsible for proving certain facts or …
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Exclusion of Oral Evidence by Documentary Evidence
In legal proceedings, there are instances where oral evidence (evidence provided by witnesses through spoken testimony) may be excluded or restricted by the presence of documentary evidence (written or physical …
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Documentary Evidence
Documentary evidence refers to written or printed documents, records, or physical materials that are presented in a legal proceeding as evidence to prove or establish facts relevant to the case. …
Oral Evidence
What is Oral Evidence Oral evidence refers to the testimony or statements given by witnesses in a legal proceeding, such as a trial or hearing, through spoken or verbal communication. …
Facts which need not be Proved
The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, provides certain exceptions to the general rule that facts in issue or relevant facts must be proved by evidence. These exceptions include facts that need …
Relevancy of character under Indian Evidence Act, 1872
The concept of “relevancy of character” under the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 pertains to the admissibility of evidence related to a person’s character in legal proceedings. Character evidence can be …
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Grounds of Rejection of Plaint
The plaint in the civil case is the initiator of the suit. Civil Procedure Code 1908 provides for rejection of such plaint under order 7 rule 11 if the following …
Expert Opinion
Expert Opinion under I.E.A Expert opinion refers to the testimony or judgment offered in court by a qualified expert witness who possesses specialized knowledge, skills, or expertise in a particular …